Philip Lee

59237597, Jul 13, 1999

Oct 15, 1997

8/950790

Philip S. Lee - Washington DC

H04K 100

380 25

A card-enabled processing system comprises a security module for securely exchanging data with cards, such as smart cards, and an application module for processing data from the smart cards. The security module encrypts and decrypts data using keys, which are securely stored in a secure memory. The security module also validates the cards before processing by the application module occurs and assists the card in validating the system. The application module provides a common platform in which different types of smart cards can be processed.

52046630, Apr 20, 1993

Oct 18, 1991

7/778748

Philip S. Lee - Potomac MD

Applied Systems Institute, Inc. - Washington DC

H04B 100

34082534

An access control system, and a method of controlling an access to a controlled area, comprising an integrated-circuit card key having contact pads and a sufficient memory capacity to store key access information and transaction information, information in the integrated circuit integral therein at respective addresses, and an acceptor which includes a memory to store lock access information, and circuity for reading the key and lock access information, whenever the contact pads of the key is electrically engaged with the acceptor, comparing the key and lock access information, providing a control signal to the opening mechanism of an access controlled area based on a comparison, result and recording transactional information from the lock into the integrated circuit of the key at respective addresses.