Christopher J Roussi

6774844, Aug 10, 2004

Aug 9, 2002

10/216602

Nikolas Subotic - Ann Arbor MI
Christopher Roussi - Augusta MI
Joseph Burns - Ann Arbor MI

Altarum Institute - Ann Arbor MI

H01Q 302

342374, 343700 MS

An approach to antenna design optimizes gain, beam pattern, polarization response, and other qualities through self-replicating patterns based upon iterative transformations and candidate geometric shapes. In the preferred embodiment Hausdorff structures are used to realize -arbitrary different radiation patterns, including patterns optimized for multiple frequencies. The most preferred approach applies a sequence of different Hutchinson operators to different geometric subsets, thereby achieving patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. A dynamic reconfigurable antenna array is provided according to an alternative embodiment, enabling a single device to be simultaneously tuned to different or multiple frequencies or other response criteria. The antenna array may be made directional in its radiation (or reception) pattern either by changing the configuration of the array, changing the feed points in the array, or electrically steering the pattern using standard beam formatting techniques on multiple taps.

6775520, Aug 10, 2004

Jan 22, 2003

10/348736

Nikola Subotic - Ann Arbor MI
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI
Joseph Burns - Ann Arbor MI

Altarum Institute - Ann Arbor MI

H04B 1500

455 631, 342 25, 375130, 375219, 375316, 375346, 455 301, 455 305, 455403, 4554221, 455423, 455424, 455425, 455 39, 455500, 455501, 455 6711, 455 6713, 4555501, 455130, 455296

The relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system is used to advantage by electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving, or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving. According to the method, the apparent angle between the receiver and transmitter is determined relative to the direction of movement and used to produce time-delayed replicas of the received signaling stream which are coherently added to synthesize the increased apparent receiver antenna aperture. Since only the receiver is modified according to the invention, existing transmitters and infrastructures can be used without modification. Although some data buffering is required, only a few number of beams need to be synthesized, in contrast to more complex military SAR configurations.

7187325, Mar 6, 2007

Jan 22, 2003

10/348737

Nikolas Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US
Joseph Burns - Ann Arbor MI, US
Vincent Canella - Beverly Hills MI, US

Altarum Institute - Ann Arbor MI

H01Q 3/22
H01Q 3/00

342374, 342368, 342375, 342377, 343700 MS

A substrate is provided with a multiplicity of electrically conductive elements, and the elements are interconnected to form an antenna structure for desired application. Either the antenna pattern itself may be altered according to the invention, or one or more feed points may be changed, or all of the above. As such, the electrically conductive elements may be interconnected to change the directionality of the antenna pattern, the gain, the frequency response, or other operational characteristics. The electrically conductive elements may be arranged in the form of an inchoate antenna pattern or regular array. Switches at key points of the structure enable the pattern to be changed dynamically. Such switching may be carried out in real time in accordance with transmissions/reception characteristics, or in advance using simulations associated with the switched elements.

7190995, Mar 13, 2007

Jun 14, 2004

10/866931

Ronald D. Chervin - Ann Arbor MI, US
Joseph W. Burns - Ann Arbor MI, US
Nikolas S. Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US

The Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor MI
Altarum Institute - Ann Arbor MI

A61B 5/00
A61B 5/02

600544, 600534, 600538

A system and method for determining respiratory cycle-related EEG changes (RCREC) for a subject with sleep-disordered breathing are provided. The method includes receiving an EEG signal from the subject using at least one sensor, and defining at least two respiratory cycle segments within each respiratory cycle. The method further includes determining an EEG power of the EEG signal during each of the at least two respiratory cycle segments, and determining RCREC by calculating a difference between a maximum EEG segment power and a minimum EEG segment power.

7619518, Nov 17, 2009

Dec 1, 2006

11/565790

Nikolas Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US
Peter Jensen - Ann Arbor MI, US
William Buller - Dexter MI, US

Michigan Technological University - Houghton MI

G08B 13/18
G08B 13/00

340567, 340541, 340565, 340552

Intrusion detection methods and apparatus exploit the infrastructure of the building itself. The preferred embodiments use the existing power line infrastructure to provide power, data, and sensor observables to a monitoring system which is simply connected at one point, namely, the connection of the building to the city power grid. Computer network interfaces may also be used. In terms of sensors, impedance, capacitive, inductive, electric field and Radar modalities may be used.

20030137452, Jul 24, 2003

Jan 22, 2003

10/348735

Nikola Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US
Joseph Burns - Ann Arbor MI, US

H01Q003/02
H01Q001/36

342/374000, 343/908000

An antenna pattern disposed on a three-dimensional object is used to optimize gain, beam pattern, polarization response, or other qualities despite or independently of physical orientation. In the preferred embodiment a fractal array is used on a polyhedron, though non-fractal and other self-replicating antenna patterns may be generated through the use of additional transformations and candidate geometric shapes to achieve patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. As an alternative to a fixed pattern with switches used to swap elements or change feed points, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or direction. This aspect of the invention may exploit flat-panel technology, wherein, for example, a conductor array face on the object may be mapped to an addressable interconnect back plane to achieve a desired level of reconfigurability.

20030169888, Sep 11, 2003

Mar 10, 2003

10/385067

Nikolas Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US
Joseph Burns - Ann Arbor MI, US

A61F011/06
G10K011/16
H03B029/00

381/071400

Broadly, this invention resides in apparatus and methods involving a set of soundfield nulling algorithms providing a localized decrease in sound intensity. Among the benefits of the approach, is that there is little, if any, affect on other important positions such as power or spectral content, insofar as energy is directed to unimportant areas. In the preferred embodiment, two separate algorithms are used, depending upon the frequency range of the acoustic signal. For lower frequencies (for example, less than 300 Hz), the algorithm is based on Cepstral techniques and overtly uses the fact that in an enclosed area, the predominant acoustic influence is in the form of standing waves. At higher frequencies, however, (i.e., 300 Hz and above), the sound is due to free-space propagation. Consequently, single free-space algorithms that are applied across the spectrum have great difficulty in providing useful sound nulls without distortion.

20040022356, Feb 5, 2004

Feb 13, 2003

10/366084

Nikola Subotic - Ann Arbor MI, US
Christopher Roussi - Kalamazoo MI, US
Robert Shuchman - Ann Arbor MI, US
Gregory Leonard - Dexter MI, US

G01N023/04

378/057000

A three-dimensional, real-time, multi-phenomenology data reconstruction and fusion system and method are described for scanning bags, luggage, and the like. The approach blends 3D computed topography with other sensing modalities such as magnetic resonance and an embedded decision-directed data reconstruction/exploitation structure to ensure high performance and real-time operation. A 2D array architecture provides sets of 2D projections immediately, which can be exploited as a precursor to a full 3D data reconstruction and exploitation to enhance system speed. Various processing algorithms to determine object type and next best view or reconstructed slice for fast operation at high classification rates; to provide significantly enhanced impulse response performance, such that subtle details are not obscured by bright scattering objects; and to exploit both the multi-modality data and exploited entities for explosive detection, for example.