Chester George Motloch

8352204, Jan 8, 2013

May 3, 2010

12/772880

John L. Morrison - Butte MT, US
William H. Morrison - Butte MT, US
Jon P. Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
Chester G. Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US

Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC - Idaho Falls ID

G01R 23/00
G01R 27/28
G01R 31/00

702 75, 702 79, 702117

Methods of rapidly measuring an impedance spectrum of an energy storage device in-situ over a limited number of logarithmically distributed frequencies are described. An energy storage device is excited with a known input signal, and a response is measured to ascertain the impedance spectrum. An excitation signal is a limited time duration sum-of-sines consisting of a select number of frequencies. In one embodiment, magnitude and phase of each frequency of interest within the sum-of-sines is identified when the selected frequencies and sample rate are logarithmic integer steps greater than two. This technique requires a measurement with a duration of one period of the lowest frequency. In another embodiment, where selected frequencies are distributed in octave steps, the impedance spectrum can be determined using a captured time record that is reduced to a half-period of the lowest frequency.

20070257681, Nov 8, 2007

May 4, 2006

11/381689

Jon Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
Chester Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US
John Morrison - Butte MT, US
Weston Albrecht - Layton UT, US

G01N 27/416

324426000

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for determining an impedance of an energy-output device using a random noise stimulus applied to the energy-output device. A random noise signal is generated and converted to a random noise stimulus as a current source correlated to the random noise signal. A bias-reduced response of the energy-output device to the random noise stimulus is generated by comparing a voltage at the energy-output device terminal to an average voltage signal. The random noise stimulus and bias-reduced response may be periodically sampled to generate a time-varying current stimulus and a time-varying voltage response, which may be correlated to generate an autocorrelated stimulus, an autocorrelated response, and a cross correlated response. Finally, the autocorrelated stimulus, the autocorrelated response, and the cross correlated response may be combined to determine at least one of impedance amplitude, impedance phase, and complex impedance.

20100332165, Dec 30, 2010

Jun 11, 2010

12/813750

John L. Morrison - Butte MT, US
William H. Morrison - Manchester CT, US
Jon P. Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
Chester G. Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US

G01R 23/16
G01R 31/36
G06F 19/00

702 63, 702 77

Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS) data are used directly to predict the pulse performance of an energy storage device. The impedance spectrum of the EIS is obtained in-situ using pre-existing techniques. A simulation waveform is configured such that the period of the pulse is greater than or equal to the lowest frequency of the impedance measurement. If the pulse is assumed to be periodic for analysis purposes, the complex Fourier series coefficients can be obtained. The number of harmonic constituents are selected so as to appropriately resolve the response, but the maximum frequency should be less than or equal to the highest frequency of the impedance measurement. In some cases, the measured frequencies of the impedance spectrum do not match the corresponding harmonic components of the simulated pulse wave. This is resolved by estimating the impedance measurements at the desired frequencies using linear interpolation, cubic spline fits, or other comparable methods. Using a current pulse as an example, the Fourier coefficients of the pulse are multiplied by the impedance spectrum at the corresponding frequency to obtain the Fourier coefficients of the voltage response to the desired pulse. The Fourier coefficients of the response are then summed reassemble to obtain the overall time domain estimate of the voltage using the Fourier series analysis. Thus, the response of an energy storage device to an anticipated or desired pulse can be estimated using low-level, charge neutral impedance measurements combined with Fourier series analysis.

20110270559, Nov 3, 2011

May 3, 2011

13/100170

Jon P. Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
John L. Morrison - Butte MT, US
William H. Morrison - Manchester CT, US
Chester G. Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US

BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE, LLC - Idaho Falls ID

G06F 19/00
G01R 27/28
G01R 35/00

702 65, 324601, 324649

An impedance analysis system for characterizing an energy storage device (ESD) includes a signal vector assembler to generate a signal vector from a composition of one or more waveforms and a signal generator for generating a stimulus signal responsive to the signal vector. A signal measurement device measures a response signal indicative of a response of the ESD substantially simultaneously with when the stimulus signal is applied to the energy storage device. A load variation monitor monitors load variations on the energy storage device due to operational circuitry coupled thereto. An analyzer is operably coupled to the response signal and analyzes the response signal relative to the signal vector to determine an impedance of the energy storage device.

20120032688, Feb 9, 2012

May 3, 2011

13/100184

Jon P. Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
John L. Morrison - Butte MT, US
William H. Morrison - Manchester CT, US
Chester G. Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US
David M. Rose - Mountlake Terrace WA, US

BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE, LLC - Idaho Falls ID

G01R 27/28

324612

Estimating impedance of energy storage devices includes generating input signals at various frequencies with a frequency step factor therebetween. An excitation time record (ETR) is generated to include a summation of the input signals and a deviation matrix of coefficients is generated relative to the excitation time record to determine crosstalk between the input signals. An energy storage device is stimulated with the ETR and simultaneously a response time record (RTR) is captured that is indicative of a response of the energy storage device to the ETR. The deviation matrix is applied to the RTR to determine an in-phase component and a quadrature component of an impedance of the energy storage device at each of the different frequencies with the crosstalk between the input signals substantially removed. This approach enables rapid impedance spectra measurements that can be completed within one period of the lowest frequency or less.

20120262186, Oct 18, 2012

Apr 3, 2012

13/438741

John L. Morrison - Butte MT, US
William H. Morrison - Butte MT, US
Jon P. Christophersen - Idaho Falls ID, US
Chester G. Motloch - Idaho Falls ID, US

BATTELLE ENERGY ALLIANCE, LLC - Idaho Falls ID

G01R 23/00
G01R 27/02

324603

Real-time battery impedance spectrum is acquired using a one-time record. Fast Summation Transformation (FST) is a parallel method of acquiring a real-time battery impedance spectrum using a one-time record that enables battery diagnostics. An excitation current to a battery is a sum of equal amplitude sine waves of frequencies that are octave harmonics spread over a range of interest. A sample frequency is also octave and harmonically related to all frequencies in the sum. A time profile of this sampled signal has a duration that is a few periods of the lowest frequency. A voltage response of the battery, average deleted, is an impedance of the battery in a time domain. Since the excitation frequencies are known and octave and harmonically related, a simple algorithm, FST, processes the time profile by rectifying relative to sine and cosine of each frequency. Another algorithm yields real and imaginary components for each frequency.